自吸式離心油泵常見故障分析處理與主要原因
(一)、自吸式離心油泵常見故障分析處理
造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)吸(xi)式(shi)離心(xin)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)故(gu)(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)多種多樣(yang),常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)選型不(bu)(bu)(bu)合理及設備(bei)固有(you)(you)(you)故(gu)(gu)障、安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和運(yun)(yun)(yun)行故(gu)(gu)障。例如(ru),因(yin)選型不(bu)(bu)(bu)合理造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)超(chao)功率;因(yin)設計制造(zao)缺(que)陷(xian)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)氣(qi)蝕嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和流量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足;因(yin)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)故(gu)(gu)障造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)吸(xi)式(shi)離心(xin)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)噪聲嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)超(chao)標;因(yin)自(zi)吸(xi)式(shi)離心(xin)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和運(yun)(yun)(yun)行故(gu)(gu)障造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)及出(chu)(chu)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)逐漸(jian)減少、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)發(fa)熱(re)(re)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)等。泵(beng)(beng)(beng)運(yun)(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)聲音(yin)異常(chang)(chang)或(huo)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大泵(beng)(beng)(beng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)時(shi),自(zi)吸(xi)式(shi)離心(xin)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)和電(dian)(dian)機組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)小機組應(ying)是平(ping)穩的(de)(de)(de),聲音(yin)應(ying)當(dang)是正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)果這個小機組有(you)(you)(you)雜音(yin)或(huo)異常(chang)(chang)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong),則往往是泵(beng)(beng)(beng)故(gu)(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)先兆,應(ying)立即(ji)停(ting)機檢查(cha),排除隱(yin)患。出(chu)(chu)現故(gu)(gu)障的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)可能有(you)(you)(you):泵(beng)(beng)(beng)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡、泵(beng)(beng)(beng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)機不(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong),對(dui)(dui)(dui)輪膠(jiao)圈老(lao)化、葉輪平(ping)衡未校正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、機泵(beng)(beng)(beng)基礎剛(gang)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠,地腳螺栓松動(dong)(dong)(dong)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)密(mi)封磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多,造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)偏心(xin)、泵(beng)(beng)(beng)內有(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)體,沒有(you)(you)(you)抽成(cheng)(cheng)真(zhen)空、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)潤滑(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang),磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多、、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)或(huo)已(yi)損(sun)(sun)(sun)壞、潤滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(脂)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多或(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)少、吸(xi)程過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大,葉輪產生氣(qi)蝕,液體經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)葉輪時(shi)在低壓區(qu)出(chu)(chu)現氣(qi)泡(pao),到高(gao)壓區(qu)氣(qi)泡(pao)潰滅,產生撞擊引(yin)起(qi)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong),此時(shi)應(ying)降低泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)高(gao)度、泵(beng)(beng)(beng)吸(xi)入異物,堵寨(zhai)或(huo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)壞了(le)葉輪,則應(ying)停(ting)機清理異物或(huo)換已(yi)損(sun)(sun)(sun)壞的(de)(de)(de)葉輪、共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong),主要(yao)是轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)固有(you)(you)(you)頻(pin)率和泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)相同,產生了(le)共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)等。軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)如(ru)果在泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)燙手,則可在下面幾項中(zhong)(zhong)排查(cha)其原因(yin):自(zi)吸(xi)式(shi)離心(xin)油(you)(you)(you)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同心(xin)、聯軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)器對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)或(huo)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向間隙(xi)(xi)太(tai)小,方法是檢查(cha)對(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)(qing)況和I調整軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向間隙(xi)(xi)、潤滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足或(huo)潤滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)循(xun)環不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)、潤滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)質量(liang)(liang)差、有(you)(you)(you)雜質使軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)銹蝕、磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun),轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)靈活、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瓦(wa)刮研(yan)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好,則應(ying)取(qu)出(chu)(chu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瓦(wa)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)刮研(yan)或(huo)換新(xin)(xin)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瓦(wa)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)間隙(xi)(xi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小,則應(ying)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)調整軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)間隙(xi)(xi)或(huo)刮研(yan)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瓦(wa)、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang),則應(ying)按要(yao)求檢查(cha)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)配(pei)情(qing)(qing)況,不(bu)(bu)(bu)合要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)、冷卻(que)(que)水(shui)斷路,則應(ying)立即(ji)檢查(cha)修(xiu)理冷卻(que)(que)水(shui)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置、泵(beng)(beng)(beng)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)彎曲,則應(ying)矯正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)等因(yin)素(su)。
(二)、自吸式(shi)離心泵運行效率(lv)低的(de)主要原因
生產運行(xing)中若要(yao)實(shi)現自吸式離心泵節能(neng)降耗,需(xu)要(yao)提(ti)高泵的使用效率、在(zai)較佳工(gong)況(kuang)下長期(qi)穩定運行(xing)。泵的節能(neng)措施需(xu)要(yao)從選型、設計(ji)、制造、安裝(zhuang)、操(cao)作、運行(xing)、維護、點檢等多方面的系統考(kao)慮(lv)。根據泵的節能(neng)特性分析,考(kao)慮(lv)節能(neng)和改造的方法,通過各(ge)項改造提(ti)高泵運行(xing)的經濟(ji)性和性。
1、選型不合理
的(de)實際工(gong)況點較泵(beng)的(de)較率(lv)點偏低(di)是(shi)(shi)自(zi)吸式離(li)心泵(beng)運(yun)行效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)的(de)主要原因。一(yi)般(ban)型(xing)號的(de)自(zi)吸式離(li)心泵(beng)都是(shi)(shi)依靠泵(beng)出口閥節流來調節介質流速。雖(sui)然這種方(fang)法簡單方(fang)便(bian),但是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)低(di)效(xiao)率(lv)運(yun)轉造成了大量的(de)能(neng)源浪費。而且(qie)電機也一(yi)直(zhi)處于(yu)低(di)效(xiao)率(lv)運(yun)轉。
2、泵的(de)設(she)計(ji)制造不合理
自吸(xi)式離心泵(beng)(beng)的設(she)計是否合理、加工(gong)精(jing)度的高低(di)、裝配(pei)質量(liang)的好壞(huai)是決定(ding)自吸(xi)式離心泵(beng)(beng)能量(liang)利用效率和(he)能耗大小的決定(ding)因素,這不(bu)但影響自吸(xi)式離心泵(beng)(beng)的額定(ding)效率,而且對自吸(xi)式離心泵(beng)(beng)的選擇和(he)運行也有(you)重要(yao)影響。